Canoe Boat Sources
Overview
Canoe Boats Enclosed Boat with Hole Horizontal Leads
Canoe Boats
#253TA: Tantalum, 1.93 Volt, 125 Amps, 241 Watts, 1600°C
#254TA: Tantalum, 1.43 Volt, 187 Amps, 267 Watts, 1600°C
Canoe Boats Horizontal Leads
Canoe Boats
#255MO: Molybdenum, 1.32 Volt, 106 Amps, 140 Watts, 1400°C
#256TA: Tantalum, 2.87 Volt, 110 Amps, 316 Watts, 1600°C
#257W: Tungsten, 3.04 Volt, 149 Amps, 453 Watts, 1800°C
#258MO: Molybdenum, 0.97 Volt, 155 Amps, 151 Watts, 1400°C
#259TA: Tantalum, 1.92 Volt, 158 Amps, 303 Watts, 1600°C
Canoe Boats Horizontal Leads Shortened Trough
Canoe Boats
Horizontal Leads, Shortened Trough
#260MO: Molybdenum, 0.94 Volt, 94 Amps, 88 Watts, 1400°C
#261TA: Tantalum, 2.09 Volt, 99 Amps, 207 Watts, 1600°C
#262W: Tungsten, 2.22 Volt, 134 Amps, 297 Watts, 1800°C
#263MO: Molybdenum, 0.75 Volt, 148 Amps, 111 Watts, 1400°C
#264TA: Tantalum, 1.48 Volt, 137 Amps, 203 Watts, 1600°C
#265W: Tungsten, 1.57 Volt, 185 Amps, 290 Watts, 1800°C
Canoe Boats Microelectronics
Canoe Boats
#266MO: Molybdenum, 0.87 Volt, 73 Amps, 64 Watts, 1400°C
#267TA: Tantalum, 1.49 Volt, 65 Amps, 97 Watts, 1600°C
#268W: Tungsten, 1.58 Volt, 110 Amps, 174 Watts, 1800°C
#269W: Tungsten, 1.11 Volt, 143 Amps, 159 Watts, 1800°C
Canoe Boats Veritical Leads Shortened Trough
Canoe Boats
#270TA: Tantalum, 3.80 Volt, 90 Amps, 342 Watts, 1600°C
#271W: Tungsten, 4.08 Volt, 144 Amps, 588 Watts, 1800°C
#272MO: Molybdenum, 1.23 Volt, 129 Amps, 159 Watts, 1400°C
#273TA: Tantalum, 2.86 Volt, 133 Amps, 380 Watts, 1600°C
#274W: Tungsten, 2.23 Volt, 249 Amps, 555 Watts, 1800°C
Canoe Boats Vertical Leads Baffled Wall
Canoe Boats
#275TA: Tantalum, 1.82 Volt, 203 Amps, 369 Watts, 1600°C
#276MO: Molybdenum, 0.78 Volt, 320 Amps, 250 Watts, 1400°C
#277TA: Tantalum, 1.48 Volt, 298 Amps, 441 Watts, 1600°C
Canoe Boats Vertical Leads Straight Wall
Canoe Boats
#278MO: Molybdenum, 1.71 Volt, 170 Amps, 291 Watts, 1400°C
#279TA: Tantalum, 3.92 Volt, 179 Amps, 702 Watts, 1600°C
#280W: Tungsten, 4.21 Volt, 283 Amps, 1191 Watts, 1800°C
#281MO: Molybdenum, 1.19 Volt, 240 Amps, 286 Watts, 1400°C
#282TA: Tantalum, 2.53 Volt, 259 Amps, 655 Watts, 1600°C
#283W: Tungsten, 2.52 Volt, 402 Amps, 1013 Watts, 1800°C
#284W: Tungsten, 2.40 Volt, 459 Amps, 1102 Watts, 1800°C
Canoe Boats With Hole
Canoe Boats
#285MO: Molybdenum, 1.59 Volt, 133 Amps, 211 Watts, 1400°C
#286W: Tungsten, 3.18 Volt, 199 Amps, 633 Watts, 1800°C
#287TA: Tantalum, 2.09 Volt, 220 Amps, 460 Watts, 1600°C
Frequently Asked Questions
What are boat sources in thermal evaporation?
Boat sources are typically made from high-purity tungsten, tantalum, or molybdenum due to their high melting points, low vapor pressures, and durability under high thermal loads. In some cases, an alumina coating is applied to prevent wetting or alloying with the evaporant.
What materials are commonly used to fabricate boat sources?
Metal powders are widely used in industries such as automotive (for brake pads and engine components), aerospace, electronics, batteries, capacitors, magnetic materials, and tooling.
How do boat sources differ from crucibles in evaporation systems?
Unlike crucibles that often use a separate heater and may provide larger volumes for thick films, boat sources integrate the heating element with the evaporant container. Boats are especially suitable for upward evaporation and offer faster heating and more controlled deposition for thinner films.
What factors should be considered when selecting a boat source?
Key considerations include the type of evaporant material, boat material compatibility, required evaporation rate, power supply (voltage and current demands), boat geometry (such as dimpled or trough designs), and whether corrosion or wetting issues need to be minimized via coatings.
What advantages do alumina-coated boat sources offer?
Alumina coatings on boat sources help prevent the molten evaporant from “wetting” the entire source, which can lead to non-uniform deposition and early failure. The inert alumina layer minimizes chemical reactions and migration of the material, leading to improved film uniformity and extended boat life.
How is the evaporation rate controlled using boat sources?
The evaporation rate is primarily controlled by adjusting the electrical current supplied to the boat. The increased current raises the boat’s temperature, which in turn increases the vapor pressure of the evaporant. Fine tuning the current allows precise control over the film thickness and deposition rate.
What challenges are associated with boat source evaporation?
Common challenges include material wetting or creeping (which can lead to contamination and loss of material), alloying between the evaporant and boat material (especially for reactive metals), and the need for high power input. Proper design and coating strategies are critical to mitigate these issues.
How do boat source designs vary?
Boat sources come in various designs—such as dimpled, trough, or flat configurations—to optimize the hot zone where the material melts. Some designs include isolated hot zones or directional features to control evaporation patterns and improve film uniformity.
Can boat sources be used for a wide range of materials?
Yes. Boat sources are versatile and can be used to evaporate many metals, alloys, and even some compound materials. However, material-specific considerations (e.g., reactivity and melting point) may require selecting a particular boat material or applying an alumina coating to ensure successful deposition.
What maintenance practices ensure the longevity of a boat source?
To extend the life of a boat source, it’s important to operate within its specified power range, avoid overfilling with evaporant, and use proper cooling periods between runs. Regular inspection for signs of wear or contamination and replacing boats when necessary are also key practices.
How do boat sources impact the uniformity of the deposited film?
The geometry of the boat (e.g., whether it’s dimpled or has a trough design) influences the distribution of heat and the vapor flux. A well-designed boat source provides a concentrated hot zone that promotes a uniform evaporation rate, leading to more even thin film deposition on the substrate.
What troubleshooting steps can be taken if a boat source fails prematurely?
If a boat source fails, check for issues such as excessive wetting or alloying of the evaporant with the boat material, incorrect power settings, or overfilling. Adjusting the current, using an alumina-coated boat, or selecting an alternative material may resolve the problem.