MSDS File
Product Overview
Thulium Oxide Evaporation Materials (Tm2O3) is a ceramic evaporation material for depositing oxide thin films used in optical, dielectric, electronic, magnetic, protective, or research applications. Many oxides have high melting temperatures and can partially dissociate or lose oxygen during evaporation, making electron-beam evaporation a common process option. Source density, pellet or piece geometry, crucible compatibility, oxygen background, deposition rate, and substrate conditions can all affect film stoichiometry and microstructure.
Evaporation Behavior and Process Considerations
Electron-beam evaporation is frequently evaluated for ceramic oxides because many have high melting temperatures. During heating, oxygen can be lost or the source can partially dissociate, so oxygen partial pressure, substrate temperature, deposition rate, and any post-deposition anneal may need optimization. The source should be conditioned gradually to minimize cracking, spitting, and sudden outgassing.
Technical Data
| Parameter | Typical Value / Range | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Purity | 99.9% – 99.99% | High purity ensures minimal defect formation in thin films |
| Particle/Form Size | Pellets/Tablets (2–6 mm) | Provides uniform evaporation and stable rates |
| Evaporation Method | E-beam / Thermal | Compatible with multiple deposition systems |
| Appearance | Pale green/white solid | Rare-earth oxide characteristic |
| Material | Key Advantage | Typical Application |
|---|---|---|
| Thulium(III) Oxide (Tm₂O₃) | Infrared optical properties | IR coatings, lasers |
| Erbium Oxide (Er₂O₃) | Strong absorption at 1.5 µm | Telecom coatings |
| Ytterbium Oxide (Yb₂O₃) | High NIR transmission | Optical windows, energy devices |
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What forms are available? | Pellets, tablets, granules, or custom sizes upon request. |
| What is the typical lead time? | Usually 1–2 weeks depending on order volume and customization. |
| Can it be used in e-beam evaporation? | Yes, Tm₂O₃ is stable and well-suited for e-beam systems. |
| How is it packaged? | Vacuum-sealed in clean containers, cushioned with protective foam, and shipped in export-safe cartons. |
| Which industries use it most? | Optics, lasers, telecommunications, and advanced R&D laboratories. |
Typical Thin-Film Applications
- Optical, dielectric, transparent conductive, magnetic, protective, or functional oxide films
- Displays, photovoltaics, sensors, semiconductors, and multilayer optical coatings where applicable
- Research on composition, oxygen content, phase, and post-deposition treatment
Source Form and Ordering Considerations
For quotation, provide the material or formula, purity, desired source form and size, quantity, evaporation method if known, and any crucible, boat, or e-beam hearth constraints. For compound materials, include the target film composition or application when possible so that source form and process risk can be reviewed together. TFM can supply pellets, pieces, granules, tablets, or other custom forms subject to material manufacturability.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Thulium Oxide commonly evaporated by electron beam?
Electron-beam evaporation is frequently evaluated for high-melting ceramic oxides because it can provide localized heating. The exact method depends on the oxide, source form, and required film properties.
Can Thulium Oxide lose oxygen during evaporation?
Yes. Some oxides can partially dissociate or become oxygen-deficient under vacuum heating. Oxygen partial pressure, substrate temperature, deposition rate, and post-annealing can influence the final film composition.
Why can oxide evaporation sources spit or crack?
Rapid heating, trapped gas, porosity, and thermal gradients can cause cracking or particle ejection. A gradual conditioning ramp and stable source geometry help reduce these effects.
Does the deposited film always match the composition of Tm2O3?
Not always. Preferential evaporation, oxygen loss, decomposition, and substrate conditions can shift film chemistry or phase relative to the source material.
What source form is suitable for Thulium Oxide?
Pellets, tablets, pieces, or granules may be used depending on the e-beam pocket or crucible. A dense and mechanically stable source form is usually easier to condition reproducibly.
What information should I provide for a Thulium Oxide quotation?
Provide formula or composition, purity, source form and size, quantity, evaporation method, source-holder dimensions, and any film-composition or documentation requirements.
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